Most cases of air embolism caused by hydrogen peroxide have occurred after large ingestions or ingestions of higher concentration products. Some symptoms of gas embolism include difficulty breathing, chest pain, and confusion. Though very rare, it can be life threatening and emergent medical attention is required. Hydrogen peroxide and its relative, carbamide peroxide, are used in tooth bleaching materials. These preparations are sold for home use and in dental offices. Because hydrogen peroxide is known to be irritating to tissues, home users must follow directions closely to avoid problems.
Tooth sensitivity may occur during treatment along with gum irritation. Anyone who chooses to use a home tooth-bleaching product should first consult with a dental professional. During use for any purpose, hydrogen peroxide could splash into the eyes, or contact lens solution containing hydrogen peroxide can be mistaken for regular multipurpose cleaner and accidentally applied directly into the eye prior to neutralization.
If this happens, immediately rinse with plenty of running water for minutes. Hydrogen peroxide splashed onto the skin could cause the skin to blanch, or whiten, for a short time. The area might feel tingly for a while, too. Again, rinse with plenty of running water. Skin burns are possible if high-concentration of hydrogen peroxide was involved. At one time, hydrogen peroxide was used to disinfect skin wounds.
This is no longer recommended, since research has shown that hydrogen peroxide can irritate or damage the cells needed for wound healing. Find out from your vet first whether vomiting should be induced and what the correct dose would be for your pet. Do not routinely induce vomiting; call your vet or animal poison control center first before causing an animal to vomit. Some substances can be more dangerous to bring up than to leave down in the stomach. Also, not all animals are capable of vomiting.
Call or. Her husband, who said he was a homeopath, gave her two tablespoons or less. She vomited at home and had trouble breathing. In the hospital, she had bleeding from her stomach or intestines. She was treated in the ICU for continued breathing problems and abnormal brain studies.
She died after 15 days in the hospital. Clinical Toxicology. Poison Control advised the child's mom to give her water to drink and observe for gastrointestinal upset. During a follow-up call from Poison Control a few hours later, her mom reported the child was fine. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.
Hydrogen peroxide has been employed medicinally for wound irrigation and for the sterilisation of ophthalmic and endoscopic instruments. Hydrogen peroxide causes toxicity via three main mechanisms: corrosive damage, oxygen gas formation and lipid peroxidation. Concentrated hydrogen peroxide is caustic and exposure may result in local tissue damage. Where the amount of oxygen evolved exceeds its maximum solubility in blood, venous or arterial gas embolism may occur.
The mechanism of CNS damage is thought to be arterial gas embolisation with subsequent brain infarction. Rapid generation of oxygen in closed body cavities can also cause mechanical distension and there is potential for the rupture of the hollow viscus secondary to oxygen liberation.
In addition, intravascular foaming following absorption can seriously impede right ventricular output and produce complete loss of cardiac output. Hydrogen peroxide can also exert a direct cytotoxic effect via lipid peroxidation. Ingestion of hydrogen peroxide may cause irritation of the gastrointestinal tract with nausea, vomiting, haematemesis and foaming at the mouth; the foam may obstruct the respiratory tract or result in pulmonary aspiration.
Painful gastric distension and belching may be caused by the liberation of large volumes of oxygen in the stomach. Blistering of the mucosae and oropharyngeal burns are common following ingestion of concentrated solutions, and laryngospasm and haemorrhagic gastritis have been reported.
Sinus tachycardia, lethargy, confusion, coma, convulsions, stridor, sub-epiglottic narrowing, apnoea, cyanosis and cardiorespiratory arrest may ensue within minutes of ingestion.
Oxygen gas embolism may produce multiple cerebral infarctions. Although most inhalational exposures cause little more than coughing and transient dyspnoea, inhalation of highly concentrated solutions of hydrogen peroxide can cause severe irritation and inflammation of mucous membranes, with coughing and dyspnoea. Shock, coma and convulsions may ensue and pulmonary oedema may occur up to hours post exposure.
Severe toxicity has resulted from the use of hydrogen peroxide solutions to irrigate wounds within closed body cavities or under pressure as oxygen gas embolism has resulted.
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