One of the most important aspects in the game is hunting. Using a pixelated pioneer with a gun, you must purchase bullets either in the beginning or over throughout the game. As you travel along, you may stop and select the option to hunt.
You are then able to hunt wild animals deer, elk, bears, bison, squirrels, and rabbits to get more food reserves. In the newer version as seen above, you are able to control a little man who can point his rifle in eight different directions and fire a single shot at the fast moving animals. In other later versions of the game, you are able to hunt with crosshairs that you control by a mouse. Bison are the slowest targets to hit but they offer the most weight in food.
Squirrels and Rabbits are super fast yet give you very small weight of food. Elk western section and Deer eastern section are in the middle in terms of size, speed, and weight of food. You can only shoot as many times as the amount of bullets you purchase or trade for in settlements.
Keep this in mind when starting off as it is VERY necessary to last through the game. The most bullets you can carry in the wagon is pounds of ammo in the earlier versions of the game. In the later versions, pounds could be carried so long as there were at least 2 living members left. In popular culture, the Oregon Trail is perhaps the most iconic subject in the larger history of Oregon. The Oregon Trail was first written about by an American historian in , while it was in active use by migrants, and it subsequently was the subject of thousands of books, articles, movies, plays, poems, and songs.
The trail continues as the principal interest of a modern-day organization—the Oregon-California Trails Association—and of major museums in Oregon, Idaho, and Nebraska. The Oregon Trail has attracted such interest because it is the central feature of one of the largest mass migrations of people in American history.
Between and , from , to , travelers used the 2,mile overland route to reach Willamette Valley, Puget Sound, Utah, and California destinations. The journey took up to six months, with wagons making between ten and twenty miles per day of travel. The trail followed the Missouri and Platte Rivers west through present-day Nebraska to South Pass on the Continental Divide in Wyoming, then west along the Snake River to Fort Hall in eastern Idaho, where travelers typically chose to continue due west to Oregon or to head southwest to Utah and California.
Families and individuals on the trail typically traveled in companies that had twenty-five or more wagons, with one or more individuals providing general leadership.
When smaller groups combined, leaders shared duties and the authority for keeping order. Travelers generally walked alongside wagons full of their belongings and foodstuffs. Most used farm wagons that had been modified for long-distance travel, including strengthened axle trees and wagon tongues and wooden bows that arched over the wagon box to support canvas or other heavy cloth covering.
The wagons were ten to twelve feet long, four feet wide, and two to three feet deep, with fifty-inch diameter rear wheels and forty-four-inch front wheels made of oak with iron tire rims. The wagons weighed from 1, to 1, pounds and carried loads between 1, and 2, pounds. They had sturdy hardwood box frames that were made as watertight as possible to facilitate stream and river crossings.
Most overlanders used two or four yoked oxen to pull their wagons, because they had more endurance and were less expensive than horses or mules and they were less likely to be stolen by Indians.
Prudent travelers carried spare parts, grease for axle bearings, heavy rope, chains, and pulleys to keep wagons repaired and to aid in rescue from predicaments. From the earliest decades of the Republic, groups of migrants headed west from the established states to stake out homesteads on the western periphery of institutional society. By the s, some politicians called for resettlement in the Oregon Country, a relatively un-resettled region over which the United States and Great Britain jointly claimed sovereignty by treaty in The penetration of the fur trade into the region during the s and s, especially on the Upper Missouri and the Columbia river basins, exposed both the natural wealth of the region and the presence of Native populations.
During most of this westward movement, overland trails and river passages were essential conduits of people, trade, and institutional expansion. Long-distance wagon travel had long moved Americans west and south on such trails as the Great Wagon Road in the s, the Wilderness Road in the s, the Natchez Trace in the s, and the Santa Fe Trail in the s.
Louis in , and missionaries trekked over western sections of the future Oregon Trail several years later on their way to the Columbia and Willamette Valleys.
In the late s, the Oregon Provisional Emigration Society, a Methodist group based in Massachusetts, promoted missionary expeditions to Oregon. By the early s, the willing and determined, captured by the idea of Oregon, decided to ignore the naysayers and embrace the adventure. By the mids, emigrants could use trail guides to plan their journey and avoid common mistakes.
Travel west on the Oregon Trail began at several towns on the Missouri River, from Independence to Council Bluffs, and then followed routes west on both sides of the Platte River. Companies of wagons formed, emigrants purchased supplies, and the group followed the developing ruts west. Lionet and Fr. Barnes and wife, L. Most groups tried to set out by mid-April. Wagon trains could average from twelve to fifteen miles per travel day, but most had to pause because of conditions and some did not travel on Sundays.
In many sections, the trail spread across miles of terrain, as successive emigrants sought easier transit. Sources of water and forage for animals often determined camping locations. Stream and river crossings, steep descents and ascents, violent storms, and the persistent threat of disease among large groups of travelers were the most common challenges.
Disease was the greatest threat on the trail, especially cholera, which struck wagon trains in years of heavy travel.
Most deaths from disease occurred east of Fort Laramie. Accidents were the second most frequent cause of death on the trail. Indians killed about emigrants before , but emigrants killed more Indians, and no Indians or emigrants died from violence until Wagon trains organized their members through consensual agreement to rules of order, behavior, property security, and work responsibilities written into constitutions that also identified officers and their specific duties.
Constitutions and bylaws prevailed until , after which most groups preferred to operate using ad hoc agreements. Many wagon trains organized tribunals to mete out punishments for property crimes, assaults, and activities that jeopardized security. The most common punishments were assignment of extra guard duty and expulsion.
Whippings were rare, and executions took place only after a legal proceeding and a jury verdict. African Americans traveled the Oregon Trail, making up perhaps as many as three percent of overlanders before Some traveled as the slave property of white travelers, but many were free people. For many free Blacks, emigration west offered hope for a better life with fewer social obstacles, and in many cases that proved to be true.
The trail experience for men and women differed considerably. Yet the wilderness known as Oregon Country which included present-day Oregon, Washington and part of Idaho still belonged to the British, a fact that made many Americans eager to settle the region and claim it for the United States. American Indians had traversed this country for many years, but for European Americans it was unknown territory.
Lewis and Clark's secretly funded expedition in was part of a U. Government plan to open Oregon Country to settlement. However, the hazardous route blazed by this party was not feasible for families traveling by wagon. An easier trail was needed. Robert Stuart of the Astorians a group of fur traders who established Fort Astoria on the Columbia River in western Oregon became the first white man to use what later became known as the Oregon Trail.
Stuart's 2,mile journey from Fort Astoria to St. Louis in took 10 months to complete; still, it was a much less rugged trail than Lewis and Clark's route. In the meantime, missionary Elijah White led over pioneers across the Oregon Trail.
When Whitman headed west yet again, he met up with a huge wagon train destined for Oregon. The group included wagons, about 1, people and thousands of livestock. Their trek began on May 22 and lasted five months. It effectively opened the floodgates of pioneer migration along the Oregon Trail and became known as the Great Emigration of As more settlers arrived, the Cayuse became resentful and hostile.
After a measles epidemic broke out in , the Cayuse population was decimated, despite Whitman using his medical knowledge to help them. In the ongoing conflict, Whitman, his wife and some of the mission staff were killed; many more were taken hostage for over a month. The incident sparked a seven-year war between the Cayuse and the federal government. Planning a five- to six-month trip across rugged terrain was no easy task and could take up to a year. They also had to purchase hundreds of pounds of supplies including:.
By far, the most important item for successful life on the trail was the covered wagon. It had to be sturdy enough to withstand the elements yet small and light enough for a team of oxen or mules to pull day after day. Most wagons were about six feet wide and twelve feet long.
They were usually made of seasoned hardwood and covered with a large, oiled canvas stretched over wood frames. In addition to food supplies, the wagons were laden with water barrels, tar buckets and extra wheels and axles.
Contrary to popular belief, most of the wagons that journeyed the Oregon Trail were prairie schooners and not larger, heavier Conestoga wagons.
It was critical for travelers to leave in April or May if they hoped to reach Oregon before the winter snows began. Depending on the terrain, wagons traveled side by side or single file.
There were slightly different paths for reaching Oregon but, for the most part, settlers crossed the Great Plains until they reached their first trading post at Fort Kearney, averaging between ten and fifteen miles per day. From Fort Kearney, they followed the Platte River over miles to Fort Laramie and then ascended the Rocky Mountains where they faced hot days and cold nights.
Summer thunderstorms were common and made traveling slow and treacherous. The settlers gave a sigh of relief if they reached Independence Rock—a huge granite rock that marked the halfway point of their journey—by July 4 because it meant they were on schedule.
Then they crossed the desert to Fort Hall, the second trading post. From there they navigated Snake River Canyon and a steep, dangerous climb over the Blue Mountains before moving along the Columbia River to the settlement of Dalles and finally to Oregon City.
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