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Dorner T, et al. Novel paradigms in systemic lupus erythematosus. Calcium fact sheet for professionals. Office of Dietary Supplements. Fangtham M, et al. Non-pharmacologic therapies for systemic lupus erythematosus.
Sahu, P, et al. Pharmacological activities of dehydroepiandrosterone: A review. Wierenga, KA, et al. If headache pain does not improve after taking over-the-counter OTC medicine, people with lupus should tell their doctor.
Vasculitis, or inflammation of the blood vessels, can cause some headaches. Lupus can lead to a variety of symptoms in the mouth. Mouth sores, also known as oral lesions or ulcers, are among the most common symptoms and occur in around 4 to 45 percent of people with lupus. Drugs used to treat lupus, such as corticosteroids, can sometimes cause the side effects of mouth dryness, cold sores , swelling, and yeast infections.
Many people with lupus develop skin problems, and rashes or sores are very common. Up to 70 percent of individuals with lupus are sensitive to ultraviolet UV rays in sunlight. A butterfly-shaped rash appears across the cheeks and nose in around 40 percent of people. This rash is usually either blotchy or red and slightly raised across the whole area. Blood disorders are common in people with lupus.
Red blood cell, white blood cell, and platelet disorders occur frequently. Heart disease is not only a major complication of lupus but also the leading cause of death among people with the disease. People with lupus are more susceptible to coronary heart disease , as they often have more risk factors, such as high blood pressure , high cholesterol , and type 2 diabetes.
Around 50 percent of people with lupus experience lung problems. Inflammation can affect the lungs, the lining of the lungs, lung blood vessels, and the diaphragm, causing:. Lupus that affects the kidneys is called lupus nephritis. It is thought that around 1 in 3 people with lupus might develop this disease. Kidney disease can increase the risk of potentially fatal conditions, such as heart attack and stroke, and might progress to complete kidney failure. The gastrointestinal system stretches from the mouth to the anus.
It includes the organs that digest food and drink and dispose of waste. Many people with lupus experience gastrointestinal problems, as an effect of the disease and a side effect of the treating medication.
For more than half of people who develop lupus, joint pain is one of the first symptoms they may experience. More than 90 percent of people with lupus have joint and muscle pain at some stage of the condition.
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